MAINE STATE - Maine, known for its rugged coastline, picturesque lighthouses, and independent spirit, boasts a rich history that stretches back to the earliest European settlement in North America. Nestled at the mouth of the Piscataqua River on the southern coast of Maine lies Kittery, the state's oldest incorporated town. Founded in 1647, Kittery's story is a tapestry of Native American heritage, colonial ambition, maritime trade, and a strategic role in shaping Maine and the nation.
Kittery: Unveiling the History of Maine's Oldest Town - A Coastal Legacy
This article examines the founding and development of Kittery, highlighting its historical significance and enduring appeal.
From Indigenous Fishing Grounds to English Settlement
Long before European arrival, the area now known as Indigenous peoples inhabited Kittery. The name "Amiciskeag," meaning "fishing point" in the Algonquian language, reflects the area's importance as a source of sustenance for Native American communities, as documented by the Kittery Historical and Naval Museum and historical accounts of the region. The first documented European presence in the area dates back to the early 17th century, with explorers and traders interacting with the local tribes. However, it was in 1647 that Kittery was officially incorporated as a town, making it the oldest incorporated municipality in Maine (Source: Town of Kittery official records, Maine State Archives).
A Name with English Roots
Kittery's name is a direct link to its early English settlers. It was named after Kittery Court, the family home of Alexander Shapleigh, one of the town's prominent early residents, reflecting the common practice of naming colonial settlements after places in the settlers' homeland (Source: Historical accounts of Kittery's naming, biographies of Alexander Shapleigh).
A Shifting Landscape: From Massachusetts Bay to Maine
Kittery's early history is closely tied to that of Massachusetts. For much of its colonial period, Kittery was part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, reflecting the overlapping claims and shifting boundaries of early New England settlements (Source: Colonial records of Massachusetts and Maine). It wasn't until 1820, with Maine's statehood, that Kittery officially became part of the newly formed state of Maine. The first house was built in 1635.
A Maritime Economy: Fishing, Fur Trading, and Shipbuilding
Kittery's location at the mouth of the Piscataqua River shaped its economic development. The town thrived as a center for fishing, fur trading, and, most notably, shipbuilding. Its access to timber and its sheltered harbor made it an ideal location for constructing vessels. This tradition has been passed down for centuries (Source: Kittery Historical and Naval Museum, maritime histories of New England).
A Strategic Naval Presence: From Colonial Times to World War II
Kittery's shipbuilding expertise played a significant role in American naval history. The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, located on Seavey's Island within the town of Kittery (but federally owned), is one of the oldest continuously operating shipyards in the U.S. Navy. It has built and repaired numerous vessels, including many submarines used during World War II, a testament to Kittery's contribution to national defense (Source: Portsmouth Naval Shipyard website, naval historical records).
Kittery Today: A Blend of History and Modern Appeal
Modern-day Kittery is a thriving community that celebrates its rich history while offering a diverse range of attractions for both residents and visitors.
- Kittery Historical and Naval Museum: This museum provides a fascinating overview of the town's shipbuilding heritage, maritime history, and role in regional and national events.
- Shopping and Dining: Kittery is renowned for its outlet shopping, featuring a diverse range of retail options. The town also boasts an eclectic culinary scene, featuring a diverse range of restaurants that serve a wide variety of dishes, from fresh seafood to international cuisine.
- Hospitality: Kittery's coastal location and historic charm make it a popular tourist destination, offering a variety of lodging options.
- Fort McClary State Historic Site: Site of a historic fort.
- Fort Foster Park: A park with access to the water.
Kittery, Maine's oldest incorporated town, is where history comes alive. From its origins as a Native American fishing ground to its establishment as an English settlement, its role in shipbuilding and naval history, and its present-day status as a vibrant community, Kittery's story is a microcosm of Maine's rich and diverse heritage. Exploring Kittery offers a journey through time, a chance to connect with the enduring spirit of a town that has played a significant role in shaping the state and the nation.
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Sources:
- Kittery Historical and Naval Museum
- Town of Kittery official records
- Maine State Archives
- Historical accounts of Kittery's naming
- Biographies of Alexander Shapleigh
- Colonial records of Massachusetts and Maine
- Portsmouth Naval Shipyard website
