What is Pennsylvania's Oldest Defensive Fort?

PENNSYLVANIA - Pennsylvania's landscape is dotted with the remnants of forts that tell the story of its colonial past and its pivotal role in the founding of the United States. From the French and Indian War outposts in the west to the Revolutionary War defenses in the east, these sites are crucial to understanding the state's history. But which one holds the title of the oldest defensive fort in Pennsylvania? The answer lies on the banks of the Delaware River in Philadelphia: the historic and resilient Fort Mifflin.

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A Fort on the Delaware: Discovering Fort Mifflin, Pennsylvania's Oldest Defensive Fort

 

While other fort sites in Pennsylvania, like those at Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh) and Fort Ligonier, date back to the French and Indian War (1758), Fort Mifflin is distinguished by being the oldest fort that remains largely intact and has been in continuous military use.

• Founding and Construction: The British began construction of the fort on Mud Island in 1771. However, with the outbreak of the American Revolution, the unfinished fort was taken over and completed by the Continental Army under the direction of General George Washington.
• The Siege of Fort Mifflin (1777): The fort's most famous moment came in the fall of 1777. After capturing Philadelphia, the British needed to control the Delaware River to supply their troops. For over 40 days, a small garrison of just 400 American soldiers at Fort Mifflin bravely held off the most powerful navy in the world. This heroic defense, which subjected the fort to the heaviest bombardment of the entire war, bought crucial time for Washington's army to regroup at Valley Forge. The fort was eventually evacuated, but its defenders' sacrifice proved to be a pivotal moment in the Revolution.

An Enduring Legacy:

Fort Mifflin's service to the nation continued long after the Revolution.

• It was rebuilt in the 1790s and served as an active military post.
• It housed prisoners during the American Civil War.
• It was used as an ammunition depot during World War I and World War II.

Visiting Fort Mifflin Today:

Today, Fort Mifflin on the Delaware is a remarkably well-preserved National Historic Landmark, offering visitors a tangible connection to over 200 years of American history. When you visit, you can:

• Explore the Original Fortifications: Walk within the original stone walls and explore the barracks, blacksmith shop, and cannon emplacements.
• Witness History Come to Life: The fort hosts numerous living history events and battle reenactments throughout the year.
• Discover a Haunted History: Fort Mifflin is also famously known as one of the most haunted sites in America, with numerous ghost tours and paranormal investigations offered, particularly in the fall.

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While other sites may be older, Fort Mifflin proudly holds the distinction of being the oldest standing defensive fort in Pennsylvania. Its original walls, which withstood the might of the British Navy, and its long history of continuous service make it a unique and invaluable historic treasure. A visit to this historic fort is a journey back in time and a powerful reminder of the resilience and sacrifice that forged the nation.

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Sources:

• Fort Mifflin on the Delaware (Official Website)
• National Park Service (National Historic Landmark Information)
• Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission (PHMC)
• The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia
• Historical accounts of the Philadelphia Campaign of the American Revolution