PENNSYLVANIA - with its diverse landscapes ranging from the shores of Lake Erie and the forests of the Allegheny Mountains to the wetlands of the Delaware River Basin, is a spectacular destination for bird watching. The state serves as a crucial corridor for migratory birds, providing a rich habitat for hundreds of resident species. Whether you are a seasoned birder with a life list or a casual nature lover, Pennsylvania offers numerous hotspots to witness incredible avian activity. This guide explores some of the most popular and productive birding locations across the Commonwealth.
1. Hawk Mountain Sanctuary (Kempton, PA)
- Why It's a Top Spot: A world-renowned destination, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary is a legendary place to witness the annual autumn hawk migration. Situated on a ridge of the Kittatinny Ridge, it provides a perfect vantage point to see thousands of raptors soar by.
- What You'll See: From September through November, look for Broad-winged Hawks, Red-tailed Hawks, Sharp-shinned Hawks, Cooper's Hawks, Bald Eagles, Golden Eagles, Ospreys, and various falcon species.
- The Experience: Well-maintained trails lead to several scenic overlooks, like the famous North Lookout. It's an educational center as well as a prime birding location, dedicated to raptor conservation.
2. Presque Isle State Park (Erie, PA)
- Why It's a Top Spot: This sandy peninsula arching into Lake Erie is a natural magnet for migrating birds, making it one of the top birding destinations in the country, especially during spring migration. Its diverse habitats—shoreline, lagoons, marshes, and woodlands—attract an incredible variety of species.
- What You'll See: Famous for migrating warblers, shorebirds, gulls, terns, and waterfowl. It is a critical stopover point for birds migrating across the Great Lakes. Over 330 species have been recorded here.
- The Experience: A flat, 13-mile multi-purpose trail makes it easy to bike or walk to various birding hotspots within the park. The Tom Ridge Environmental Center offers excellent educational resources.
3. John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum (Philadelphia, PA)
- Why It's a Top Spot: The most extensive remaining freshwater tidal marsh in Pennsylvania, John Heinz NWR is an urban oasis for wildlife and birdwatchers, located adjacent to Philadelphia International Airport.
- What You'll See: It's a fantastic spot for wading birds, shorebirds, and waterfowl. Expect to see herons, egrets, various duck species, sandpipers, and, during migration, a wide array of songbirds. It is also a reliable spot to see Bald Eagles.
- The Experience: Over 10 miles of trails and boardwalks provide easy access for walking and viewing. The visitor center offers maps and recent sighting information.
4. Middle Creek Wildlife Management Area (Kleinfeltersville, PA)
- Why It's a Top Spot: Managed by the Pennsylvania Game Commission, Middle Creek is most famous for its spectacular late-winter waterfowl migration.
- What You'll See: In late February and March, the lake and surrounding fields host tens of thousands of migrating Snow Geese and Tundra Swans, creating an unforgettable visual and auditory spectacle. It also attracts various duck and other bird species throughout the year.
- The Experience: A visitor center provides information, and a self-guided driving tour allows visitors to view the area from across the management area. Viewing platforms are set up during peak migration.
5. The Susquehanna Riverlands (Lancaster & York Counties)
- Why It's a Top Spot: The Susquehanna River is a central migratory flyway. The section from the Conejohela Flats (a designated Important Bird Area by Audubon) up to the area around the Safe Harbor Dam is exceptional for water birds.
- What You'll See: A considerable variety of gulls, terns, shorebirds, and waterfowl, especially during migration. The area is also excellent for viewing Bald Eagles, which nest along the river.
- The Experience: Viewing can be done from various state parks and local access points along the river, such as Susquehannock State Park or the various river overlooks.
Tips for Birding in Pennsylvania:
- Timing is Everything: The best time for birding is often early morning. For migration, spring (April to May) and fall (September to October) are peak seasons.
- Bring Binoculars: A good pair of binoculars is essential for getting clear views and identifying species.
- Use eBird: Check the eBird website or app for recent sightings at these locations to know what to look for before you go.
- Respect Wildlife: Keep a safe distance, stay on designated trails, and follow all park rules to avoid disturbing the birds and their habitats.
From the dramatic hawk flights over Hawk Mountain to the bustling migratory stopover at Presque Isle State Park, Pennsylvania offers a world-class bird watching experience. These popular destinations provide just a glimpse into the rich avian diversity of the Keystone State, inviting birders of all levels to explore its natural wonders.
Sources:
- Pennsylvania Audubon Society
- Pennsylvania Game Commission (for Middle Creek WMA)
- Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR - for State Parks)
- National Park Service (for John Heinz NWR)
- Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Official Website
- eBird.org (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
- Local birding club websites and publications
