Hikers Beware: The Only Venomous Snake Slithering Through Michigan

However, misinformation travels faster than a viper strike. Every year, photos circulate on Michigan social media groups claiming sightings of "Water Moccasins" or "Copperheads." Here is the truth: those snakes aren't here. But one shy, elusive rattlesnake is. Here is the definitive guide to the only venomous snake you need to watch out for in the Great Lakes State—and the imposters that just want you to think they are dangerous.

1. The Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus)

• Danger Level: High (Potent venom, but bites are extremely rare)
• Status: Federally Threatened & State Species of Special Concern
• Where they hide: Lower Peninsula only. They are most common in wetlands, wet prairies, and marshes, but will move to dry upland fields in the summer. (Sightings are most frequent in places like Kensington Metropark, Indian Springs, and Pierce Cedar Creek Institute).

Known as the "Swamp Rattler," the Massasauga is Michigan's only venomous reptile. It is a small, shy snake that would much rather hide than fight. Because of its cryptic coloring and reclusive nature, most Michiganders will never see one in the wild.

• ID Tip: They are small (usually under 2.5 feet) with a row of dark, saddle-shaped blotches down the back (like a bow tie).
• The Rattle: Their rattle is tiny and creates a high-pitched buzzing sound, often described as sounding like a bee or a fly trapped in a spiderweb.

The Myths: Copperheads & Water Moccasins

Let’s bust the biggest myths in Michigan herpetology.

Myth #1: "I saw a Water Moccasin up north." Fact: No, you didn't. The Cottonmouth (Water Moccasin) is a southern snake; its range ends hundreds of miles away.

• The Imposter: The Northern Water Snake. It is dark, thick, swims in lakes and rivers, and is famously aggressive. It will flatten its head and strike if threatened, but it is non-venomous.

Myth #2: "There are Copperheads in Southern Michigan." Fact: There are no Copperheads in Michigan.

• The Imposter: The Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (often called a "Puff Adder"). This dramatic actor flattens its neck like a cobra and hisses loudly to scare you. If that doesn't work, it rolls over and plays dead.
• Another Imposter: The Eastern Fox Snake. This large, copper-headed snake will vibrate its tail against dry leaves to mimic a rattlesnake sound. It looks dangerous, but it is a harmless constrictor.

Safety & Legal Warning

The Eastern Massasauga is a Federally Threatened Species. It is illegal to kill, capture, or harass them. Because they are so rare, every individual is vital to the species' survival.

What to do if bitten: While bites are exceedingly rare (usually fewer than one or two a year in the entire state), they are medical emergencies.

1. Call 911 immediately. Michigan hospitals in Massasauga territory are prepared for this.
2. Stay Calm. Panic increases heart rate and circulates venom faster.
3. Remove Constriction. Take off rings, watches, and tight shoes immediately.
4. Do NOT cut the wound, suck out the venom, or apply ice.

Hikers' Rule of Thumb: Massasaugas are sluggish and rely on camouflage. The majority of bites happen when someone steps on one barefoot or tries to pick one up. Wear hiking boots in tall grass and simply leave the wildlife alone.

Video: MI DNR - The Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake The Michigan Department of Natural Resources explains why this shy snake is an important part of our wetlands.