DELAWARE - As Delawareans head to the trails of Trap Pond State Park and the walking paths of Alapocas Run, the First State's wildlife is active and on the move. While Delaware is small, its diverse habitats—from the rolling hills of the Piedmont to the cypress swamps of Sussex County—are home to 19 species of snakes.
For hikers and gardeners, the news is mostly reassuring: only two of these species are venomous.
However, a relatively recent incident in Ocean View, DE, where a man was bitten by a Copperhead in his own backyard, serves as a sobering reminder: these animals are neighbors, not just legends. Whether you are hiking in Wilmington or golfing near the beaches, here is the definitive guide to the venomous snakes of Delaware.
1. The Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix)
- Danger Level: Moderate (The primary threat in Delaware)
- Where they hide: Two distinct populations: The rocky woods of Northern Delaware (near Wilmington, specifically Alapocas Run State Park) and the cypress swamps/pine forests of Sussex County (Trap Pond, Nanticoke Wildlife Area).
The Copperhead is the only venomous snake you are likely to encounter. They are masters of camouflage, blending perfectly into the dead leaves of the forest floor. Unlike other snakes that flee, Copperheads often freeze when approached, leading to accidental bites when stepped on.
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ID Tip: Look for the "Hershey’s Kiss" pattern—dark brown hourglass or saddlebag shapes on a tan or coppery body.
2. The Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)
- Danger Level: High (but encounters are extremely rare)
- Where they hide: Historically found in Southern Delaware (Cypress Swamp area).
Consider this snake the "Ghost of Delaware." The Timber Rattlesnake is listed as an Endangered Species in the state. While they were once common in the southern pinelands, habitat loss has driven their numbers down to near-extinction levels. Sightings are incredibly rare and usually restricted to remote, protected areas in the southern part of the state.
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ID Tip: A large, heavy body with dark chevron (V-shaped) bands and a rattle at the end of a black tail.
The Myth: The Cottonmouth / Water Moccasin
If you are kayaking in the Nanticoke River or fishing in a retention pond and see a dark snake, do not panic. There are no Water Moccasins (Cottonmouths) in Delaware.
Their range stops south of the state line in Virginia.
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What you are seeing: It is almost certainly a Northern Watersnake. These non-venomous snakes are common, aggressive when cornered, and will flatten their heads to mimic vipers, but they are harmless.
Safety & Legal Warning
In Delaware, it is illegal to kill snakes. They are protected under state wildlife laws as non-game species.
What to do if bitten:
- Call 911 immediately.
- Remove constriction. Take off rings, watches, and tight shoes immediately before swelling begins.
- Stay Calm. Panic increases your heart rate and spreads venom faster.
- Do NOT apply ice, use a tourniquet, or try to suck out the venom.
- Most bites happen when people attempt to kill or handle the snake. The safest choice is always to walk away.
Video: Delaware's Venomous Snakes vs. Lookalikes A helpful guide to distinguishing the rare Copperhead from the common Northern Watersnake.
